Common psychiatric disorders (CPD) are associated with the development of overweight and obesity, the strongest risk factors for the onset and maintenance of Type 2 Diabetes (D2). Diabetes is one of the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disorders (CVD), increasing cardiovascular risk in two- to fourfold. This is a single-center cross-sectional study conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UCSC (FPUAG) that evaluates the prevalence of CPD in a sample of patients with D2 and previous CVD numerically representative of the Italian population. The sample size was determined in 274 patients. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria are screened for CPD using the full version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The expected prevalence was estimated from previous studies conducted on patients with D2 only and with previous CVD event only. The study evaluates the clinical, sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of the patients. Although depression and CPD determine a D2-independent increase in CVD risk, there are still very few studies globally regarding the development of CVD events in patients with D2 and psychological disorders. In Italy, no studies have been conducted that have assessed the prevalence of common mental disorders in patients with D2 and a previous cardiovascular event. Assessing the prevalence of common mental disorders in patients with D2 and a previous CVD event is necessary because it could subsequently allow an intervention with integrated psychiatric and diabetic therapy to increase patients’ chances of adhering to pharmacological therapies and modifying lifestyle with the aim to hopefully improve both diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes. According to recent evidence, indeed, the comorbidity of depression in a person affected by D2 should lead to considering the use of evidence-based therapies for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases regardless of the underlying risk of CVD or the D2 duration.