Target e scelte terapeutiche nella gestione dell’ipertensione arteriosa nei pazienti diabetici. Le linee guida ESC 2024

Targets and therapeutic strategies in the management of arterial hypertension in patients with diabetes. The 2024 ESC Guidelines

Patients with diabetes have a markedly increased cardiovascular risk, making blood pressure control a cornerstone of prevention. The 2024 ESC Guidelines emphasize early treatment even in patients with elevated blood pressure, guided by global cardiovascular risk assessment and tools such as SCORE2-Diabetes. Evidence from major trials, including ACCORD-BP, SPRINT, STEP, ESPRIT and BPROAD, supports lower blood pressure targets (120–129/70–79 mmHg) when treatment is well tolerated. Combination therapy, preferably as fixed-dose combinations, improves efficacy and adherence. In resistant hypertension spironolactone remains the preferred add-on therapy, while SGLT2 inhibitors may provide additional benefit in the presence of chronic kidney disease or heart failure. In selected cases, renal denervation is emerging as a complementary therapeutic option when optimal medical therapy fails.